Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research

Periphyton as a bioindicator of mercury contamination in a calm exuberant waterway environment

Takashi Tomiyasu^* Department of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Japan
^*Correspondence: Takashi Tomiyasu, Department of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Japan, Email:

Received: May 01, 2023, Manuscript No. JAEFR-23-106595; Editor assigned: May 03, 2023, Pre QC No. JAEFR-23-106595 (PQ); Reviewed: May 17, 2023, QC No. JAEFR-23-106595; Revised: May 22, 2023, Manuscript No. JAEFR-23-106595 (R); Published: May 29, 2023, DOI: 10.3153/JAEFR.9.5.042

Citation: Takashi Tomiyasu. Periphyton as a bio indicator of mercury contamination in a calm exuberant waterway environment. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2023; 9(5)

Introduction

Water is a precious resource that sustains life on Earth, but it is increasingly facing the threat of pollution. One particularly hazardous contaminant is mercury, a toxic heavy metal that poses significant risks to both aquatic ecosystems and human health [1,2]. Mercury contamination in water bodies is a global concern, with industrial activities, mining operations, and natural sources contributing to its presence. This article explores the effects of mercury contamination in water, highlighting its detrimental impact on aquatic organisms, the food chain, and human populations. Mercury exists in various forms, including elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds such as methylmercury. While elemental mercury is volatile and can be released into the atmosphere, it can eventually settle into water bodies through atmospheric deposition. Inorganic mercury compounds can also be directly discharged into water systems through industrial wastewater and mining activities. Once in the water, microorganisms can convert inorganic mercury into methylmercury, a highly toxic form that bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms. Mercury contamination has profound implications for aquatic ecosystems, disrupting the delicate balance of life within them. The primary concern lies in its impact on fish and other aquatic organisms. Methylmercury is easily absorbed by these organisms through their gills and digestive systems. As smaller organisms consume mercury- contaminated particles, the toxin accumulates in their tissues. This process continues as larger predators consume smaller ones, leading to biomagnification a phenomenon where mercury concentrations increase at each trophic level. The toxic effects of mercury on aquatic organisms can be devastating. It interferes with neurological development, impairs reproduction, and compromises immune systems. Fish populations can experience reduced growth rates, altered behavior, and increased mortality.

Description

Moreover, the effects extend beyond individual species to entire ecosystems. The decline of predator populations due to mercury toxicity can disrupt food webs, leading to imbalances and cascading effects on other organisms. The contamination of water bodies with mercury poses a serious risk to human health, primarily through the consumption of contaminated fish and seafood. People who rely heavily on fish as a dietary staple, especially in coastal communities and indigenous populations, are at greater risk of exposure to mercury. Once ingested, methylmercury is readily absorbed by the human body and can cross the blood-brain barrier, posing significant neurological risks, especially for developing fetuses and young children. Prenatal exposure to high levels of mercury can impair cognitive function, leading to learning disabilities and developmental delays. In adults, mercury toxicity can result in neurological disorders, cardiovascular problems, kidney damage, and reproductive issues. Addressing mercury contamination in water requires a multi-faceted approach involving government regulations, industry practices, and public awareness. Governments should enact and enforce strict regulations on industrial discharges, mining operations, and wastewater treatment facilities to reduce mercury pollution at its source. Encouraging industries to adopt cleaner technologies that minimize or eliminate mercury releases is crucial. This includes implementing advanced treatment methods to remove mercury from wastewater before discharge. Regular monitoring of water bodies and fish populations is essential to identify areas of high mercury contamination and to ensure compliance with regulations. Rigorous testing protocols can help determine the safety of fish for consumption [3-5]. Raising awareness about the risks associated with mercury contamination in water and educating communities, especially vulnerable populations, about safe fish consumption practices can help reduce exposure and prevent adverse health effects.

Conclusion

Mercury contamination in water is a pressing environmental and public health concern. Its far-reaching impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health necessitate immediate action. By implementing stringent regulations, promoting cleaner technologies, and increasing public awareness, we can strive towards minimizing mercury pollution and safeguarding our precious water resources for future generations. It is our responsibility to act now and protect the integrity of our water bodies and the well-being of all those who depend on them.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict Of Interest

The author declares there is no conflict of interest in publishing this article.

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